These languages focus on defining sequences of steps or procedures to solve problems. Examples include C, Pascal, and Fortran. They are suitable for algorithmic and mathematical computations.
Object-Oriented Languages
Object-oriented programming (OOP) languages center around the concept of "objects," which encapsulate data and methods. Examples include Java, C++, and Python. OOP promotes code organization, reusability, and modularity.
Functional Languages
Functional programming languages treat computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. They emphasize immutability and avoid changing state and mutable data. Examples include Haskell, Lisp, and Erlang.
Scripting Languages
Scripting languages are often used for automating tasks, web development, and rapid prototyping. They require less boilerplate code and offer dynamic typing. Examples include Python, Ruby, and JavaScript.
Markup Languages
These languages are used to define the structure and presentation of documents, particularly in web development. Examples include HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) for structuring web content and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for data representation.
Query Languages
Query languages are specialized languages for retrieving and manipulating data from databases. SQL (Structured Query Language) is a prominent example used to manage and retrieve data from relational databases.
Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs)
DSLs are designed for specific domains or industries. They offer abstractions and syntax tailored to those areas. Examples include SQL (for databases), HTML/CSS (for web development), and MATLAB (for scientific computing).